Coke furnace



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. WEBER. 00KB PURNAGEQ No. 409,081. Patented Aug. 13, 1889.

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N. PETERS. PhnlmLillw x-aph (No Model.) a Sheets$heet 2.

A. WEBER. COKE FURNACE.

No. 409,081. Patentedkug. 13, 1889.

N. FETERSv Phnloi'fllwgmplinr. Washington. DI C.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

A. WEBER.

00KB FURNACE.

No. 409,081. Patented Aug. 13, 1889.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Shed 4. A. WEBER.

ooKE FURNACE. v No. 409,081. Patented Aug. 13, 1889.

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A. WEBER. COKE FURNACE.

No. 409,081. Patented-Aug. 13, 1889.

6 Sheets-Sheet 6. A. WEBER.

00KB FURNAGE.

(No Model.)

Patented Aug. 18, 1889..

' UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

ADAM WEBER, OF NEW YORK, N. -Y.

COKE-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters latent No.409,081, dated'August 13, 1889. Original application filed September 25, 1888, Serial No. 286,332. Divided and this application filed February 26, 1889. Serial No.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ADAM. WVEBER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coke- Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to certain improvements in the construction of coke-ovens in which the system known as the regenerative system or principle is carried out for heating the coking-chamber and coking the coal therein. In this invention the combustible gases generated during the coking process are utilized by conducting them through heating-flues to the combustion-chamber and burning them iningled with heat-ed air, so as to produce a high temperature for carrying on the coking operation, thus effecting a considerable saving in the consumption of fuel by the more perfect utilization of the combustible gases given off by the coal. By my invention I also collect all the by-products of the coking-recesses.

The invention consists in the hereinafterdesoribed improvements in the construction of the cokeoven, the cokingchamber of which is heated in the first instance by fire in a furnace under the oven. The heating thereafter is continued by the combustion of the combustible gases distilled from the coal being coked, mixed with heated air, in acombustion-chamber below the coking-chamber, said gases and air being conducted to the combustion-chamber through fiues located in the side walls of the furnace and through a primary and second series of air-flue-s, of which the former is located below the grate of the fire-plate, while the latter is located sidewise of the uppermost gas-heating fines. The air-heating fiues are heated by means of smoke-flues located between the two series of air-heating fiues and connected by vertical flues in the rear wall of the oven with the mantel-flue, formed by a space between the coking-chamber and the mantel surrounding the same. The side walls of the cokingchamber and mantel are connected by dovetailed brace-blocks and by lateral plates con- (No model.)

necting the skewbacks of the coking-chamber and mantel, said plates having openings and dampers at the front and rear ends for regulating the flow of the gases at the sides and top of the mantel-flue.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a front elevation of my improved regenerative coke-oven, showing a range or group of ovens arranged side by side, partly in section, which is taken through the hydraulic main at the top of the ovens. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section of a range or group of. ovens on line .90 as, Fig. 3. Fig. 3 represents horizontal sections of a group or battery of six ovens, each section being taken on a different plane, respectively on lines so 00', :0 x m 00 03 x x and 0c 50 of Fig. 2. Figs. 4: and 5 show four Vertical longitudinal sections of the ovens on four different vertical planes, respectively on the lines y y, g 3 g y and y if, Fig. 2; and Figs. 6 to 12 are detail perspective views of different shapes of flueblocks employed in the construction of my coke-oven.

The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all figures.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the cokingchamber, which forms the central part of my improved coke-oven, and which is made in the nature of a retort of blocks or tiles of fire-brick and provided with an arched dome, also formed of fire-brick blocks or tiles. It is not essential that the dome should be arched, however; it may be fiat. The coking-chamber A is preferably charged from the top of the oven by a supply-channel a, formed of a fire-brick tube which is hermetically closed by a cover a, which is form ed of a ring-shaped iron frame lined with fire-brick, and it may be tightly closed by a bar and fastenin screws. The material to be coked is conveyed to the supply-channel a in cars, which move on tracks located at the top of the ovens, as shown in Figs. 4: and 5. When the cokingchamberA is charged, the channel a is closed by the cover a, and the same is then securely fastened.

The coking-chamber A is surrounded at the sides and top by the mantel A, the top of which is arched like the top of the cokingchamber. The corners of the coking-chamber A are supported by angleblocks A which are placed at some distance from each other, so as to form channels that connect the combustion-chamber B, which is located centrally below the coking-chamber, with the mantelflue formed between the walls of the cokingchamber A and mantel A. The side walls of the coking-chamber A are connected with the side walls of the mantel A by dovetailed brace-blocks a a as shown clearly in Fig. 2 and in side view in Figs. 3 and 4. The combustible gases which are generated by the coking operation are conducted from the coking-chamber through a goose-neck pipe of to a hydraulicmain H, which is supported on the top of the oven and connected to a suitable gasholder. (Not shown in the drawings.) In the hydraulic main the tar, ammoniacal and other products of distillation are collected and conducted from the same to a suitable reservoir, from which they are removed for further treatment in the usual manner.

The combustion-chamber B extends to the entire depth of the oven, while the fire place B of the same extends to about half its length. For starting the coking operation the oven is heated with coal or coke burned in the fireplaces B until a suflicient quantity of the combustible gases has been collected from the coking -chambers of the different ovens in the gas-holder, so as to permit the continuation of the coking operation by the direct supply of said gases. These gases are conducted from the gas-holder by a gas-main G, and from the same by branch pipes G to the lowermost flue of a series of horizontal flues D, which are arranged in the side walls of the combnstion-chamber B.

- The fines D are connected alternately at the rear and front, the uppermost flue D being formed of flue-blocks D D, (shown in Fig. 10,) which are provided with lateral channels (l d, that open into the upper part of the combustion-chamber and supply the combustible gases to the same. The gases are heated up in their passage through the fines D, and aremingled in the combustion-chamber with highly-heated air that is supplied through a series of air-heating fines located sidewise of the uppermost gas-heatin g flue D at each side of the combustion-chamber. The products of combustion pass between the blocks A and through the mantel-flue around the side walls of the coking-chamber, and are drawn by means of fiueopenin gs c in the lateral plates 0, which connect the skewbacks of the coking-chamber and mantel-arch, and which are opened more or less by sliding dampers c toward the front and rear wall of the oven, and conducted over the arched top of the cokingchamber A to descending flues E, located in the partition-wall of the range of ovens, as shown in Fig. 5. The innermost damper can be operated by the introduction of a rod having a right-angled bend at its end, which engages with recesses in the damper or a projection therefrom, as preferred. W'hen once adjusted or regulated, it is not necessary to again move these dampers. The vertical fines E are connected with horizontal fines E ,which are arranged sidewise of the gas-heating flues D and provided at their connected front ends with sliding dampers 6 The lower flues E communicate at their rear ends with vertical fines F in line with the descending flues E, which terminate in an arched channel or take off flue E connected with the chimney, of sufficient height to produce the required degree of draft for the proper working of the oven. The fines E E are located between the side walls of the combustion-chamber and the main partition-walls of the ovens and serve for the purpose of heating up the air that is drawn in for the purpose of combustion through two series of air-heating fines-a lower or primary series of fines which is located below the level of the grate of the fire-place B, while the second series of air-fines is located above the smoke-fines E E. The lower or primary airheating fines F take in the air at the front of the oven and emit it through lateral channels f to the space below the grate, so as to supply heated air to the fuel on the grate for producing the more perfect combustion of the same.

The upper or second series of fines F communicate by top channels f in that flue nearest to the combustion-chamber with a transverse channel f in the angle-blocks A that support the corner-blocks of the coking-chamber. The flue-blocks, with the channels f, are shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8. The transverse bottom channels f of the angle-blocks A are made with inclined sides for the purpose of facilitating the cleaning of the same by means of a scraper, which is introduced through an opening f in the front wall of the oven. (Indicated at the right-hand side of Fig. 4.) The heated air passes from the channels f into the channels which lead from the combustion-chamber B to the mantel-fine surrounding the coking-chamber and mingles with the gases of combustion supplied by the eduction-ehannels d d of the lines D D, so as to produce the perfect combustion of all the gases and keep the outer surface of the cokingehamber enveloped by a sheet of flame, so as to subject the coal in the coking-chamber to a high temperature and convert it quickly into coke.

In place of arranging the eduction-channels for the heated air at the top of the innermost air-fine F and in the angle-blocks A they can be arranged in lateral flue-blocks F located above the uppermost gas-heating flue D, as shown in Fig. 12. By using the flueblocks F the combustion of the gases takes place in the combustion-chamber directly below the central partof the retort. With either arrangement of the eduction-channels the material in the cokingchamber is subjected to a high temperature by the combustion of the heated gases and the heated air supplied to IIO and mingled with the same. The former arrangement is to be preferred when the highest temperature is desired to be supplied 'to the side walls of the coking-chamber, while the latter is preferred when the highest temperature is to be applied to the bottom of the coking-chamber. w

When the combustible gases are supplied, the fire in the fire-place may be discontinued and the lower series of air-fines closed. When the coking operation is completed, the coke is removed from the coking-chamber through an opening in the front wall of the oven,which opening is closed like the front openings of the fire-place and ash-pit by tightly closing iron doors lined with fire-bricks, which doors are closed by means of bars and clampingscrews, as customary in coke-ovens and gasbenches.

The retorts are charged with the required quantity of coal, coal-dust, or other material to be coked and. the fire then started in the fire-place, so as to start the coking process. The gases generated in the coking-chamber are conducted through the'hydraulic main to the gas-holder, and, after the separation of the by-product, from the same to the gas-main, connecting-pipes, and gas-heating flues located in the side walls of the combustion-chamber into the latter. They are mingled in thecombustion-chamber with the heated air supplied by the eductionchannels of the upper series of air-heating flues. As soon as the ovens can be supplied with the gases obtained from the distillation of the coal in the coking-chamber the fire in the fire-place maybe discontinued. The products of combustion are conducted through the mantel-fines and descending rear smokeflues to the horizontal smoke-flues between the lower and upper series of air-heating flues, and from the same through shorter descending flues to the take-off flue and the chimney.

The smoke-fines serve for heating the rear Walls of the coking-chamber, as well as for heating the air-fines and the gas-flueslocated in the side walls of the combustion-chamber, so that the regenerative principle on which my improved coke-oven is based is Well carried out.

Because of the peculiarconstruction of the furnace above described and hereinafter The operation of the furnace is as follows: I

claimed I secure not only great strength in the structure to withstand the strains resulting from the weight of coal, &c., expansible gases, contraction and expansion, &c., but also by the employment of the tiles and angle-blocks, the dovetail blocks, &c., I am enabled to erect the furnaces at much less cost and much more speedily than when they are not employed.

I do not herein claim certain features of my invention which are herein described and shown. I do not, however, abandon the same, they being set forth and claimed in another application for Letters Patent filed by me on the 25th day of September,1888, nowpending as Serial No. 286,332, of which case this present case is a division under the ruling of the Commissioner of Patents made in said Case No. 286,332.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination of a coking-chamber formed of blocks or tiles, a mantel surrounding said coking-chamber and forming a mantel-flue around the same, dovetailed lateral braces connecting the side walls of the coking-chamber and mantel, and -a combustionchamber below the coking-chamber, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a coking-chamber formed of blocks or tiles, a mantel surrounding said coking-chamber, angle-blocks supporting the bottom of the chamber, and dovetailed brace-blocks connecting the side walls of the coking-chamber and mantel, and a combustion-chamber below the coking-chamber, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a coking-chamber formed of blocks or tiles, a mantel. surrounding the coking-chamber, lateral brace-blocks connecting the side walls of the coking-chamber and mantel, and lateral plates connecting the upper corners of the coking-chamber and mantel, said plates being provided with front and rearopenings, and sliding dampers for regulating the size of said openings, substantially as set forth.

Signed. at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 11th day of February, A. D. 1889.

ADAM WEBER.

Witnesses:

PHILLIPsABBOT'r, MoRRIs ARNHEIM. 

